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World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex Table 4. Population and labor force
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----------------- Population ----------------- Labor force
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Avg. annual Age 15-64 Total /a Avg. annual
(millions) growth rate (%) (millions) (millions) growth rate (%) Female (%) Agriculture (%) Industry (%)
----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
1980 1994 1980-90 1990-94 1980 1994 1980 1994 1980-9 1990-94 1980 1994 1980 1990 1980 1990
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Low-income economies 2,412 t 3,182 t 2.1 w 1.8 w 1,357 t 1,925 t 1,165 t 1,575 t 2.3 w 1.9 w 41 w 42 w 73 w 69 w 13 w 15 w
Excluding China & India 743 t 1,078 t 2.7 w 2.5 w 374 t 575 t 327 t 474 t 2.7 w 2.6 w 42 w 43 w 72 w 66 w 10 w 12 w
-
1 Rwanda 5 8 3.0 2.6 3 4 3 4 3.2 2.9 49 49 93 92 3 3
2 Mozambique 12 15 1.6 2.2 6 9 7 8 1.2 2.7 49 50 84 83 7 8
3 Ethiopia 38 55 3.1 1.7 19 27 16 23 2.5 2.8 41 40 89 86 2 2
4 Tanzania 19 29 3.2 3.0 9 15 10 15 3.3 2.8 50 49 86 84 4 5
5 Burundi 4 6 2.9 3.0 2 3 2 3 2.7 2.9 50 49 93 92 2 3
----- - -- - --------
6 Sierra Leone 3 4 2.1 2.4 2 2 1 2 1.8 2.3 36 36 70 68 14 15
7 Malawi 6 10 3.3 2.8 3 5 3 5 3.9 2.4 51 54 87 87 5 5
8 Chad 4 6 2.4 2.5 2 3 2 3 1.9 2.7 43 44 88 83 3 4
9 Uganda 13 19 2.4 3.2 7 9 7 10 2.9 2.9 49 52 87 85 4 5
10 Madagascar 9 13 2.9 2.9 5 7 4 7 2.9 3.2 47 49 82 78 6 7
----- - -- - --------
11 Nepal 15 21 2.6 2.5 8 11 7 10 2.4 2.5 39 40 94 94 1 0
12 Vietnam 54 72 2.1 2.1 28 41 26 37 2.8 2.1 48 50 73 71 13 14
13 Bangladesh 87 118 2.4 1.7 44 62 42 59 2.4 2.7 43 42 73 65 9 16
14 Haiti 5 7 1.9 1.9 3 4 3 3 1.3 1.9 45 43 71 68 8 9
15 Niger 6 9 3.3 3.2 3 4 3 4 3.0 3.0 45 45 91 90 3 4
----- - -- - --------
16 Guinea-Bissau 1 1 1.8 2.0 0 1 0 1 1.5 1.9 39 41 87 85 2 2
17 Kenya 17 26 3.4 2.7 8 13 8 13 3.7 3.4 46 48 82 80 6 7
18 Mali 7 10 2.5 3.0 3 5 4 5 2.7 2.8 49 51 89 86 2 2
19 Nigeria 71 108 3.0 2.9 36 56 30 43 2.5 2.8 37 36 54 43 8 7
20 Yemen, Rep. 9 15 3.3 5.5 .. 7 2 4 3.6 4.8 31 26 73 61 13 17
----- - -- - --------
21 Burkina Faso 7 10 2.6 2.9 4 5 4 5 2.0 2.0 48 46 92 92 3 2
22 Mongolia 2 2 2.8 1.9 1 1 1 1 2.9 2.8 46 46 40 32 21 22
23 India 687 914 2.1 1.8 396 550 300 394 1.9 2.1 34 32 70 64 13 16
24 Lao PDR 3 5 2.7 3.1 2 2 2 2 2.3 2.6 45 47 80 78 6 6
25 Togo 3 4 3.0 3.2 1 2 1 2 2.6 3.0 39 40 69 66 10 10
----- - -- - --------
26 Gambia, The 1 1 3.6 3.9 0 1 0 1 3.4 3.4 45 44 84 82 7 8
27 Nicaragua 3 4 2.7 3.1 1 2 1 2 2.7 4.5 28 36 39 28 24 26
28 Zambia 6 9 3.5 3.0 3 5 2 4 3.5 3.0 45 44 76 75 8 8
29 Tajikistan 4 6 2.9 2.0 .. 3 2 2 2.0 3.3 47 44 45 41 23 23
30 Benin 3 5 3.1 2.9 2 3 2 2 2.5 2.7 47 47 67 63 7 8
----- - -- - --------
31 Central African Repub 2 3 2.4 2.5 1 2 1 2 1.7 2.1 48 47 85 80 3 3
32 Albania 3 3 2.1 -0.6 2 2 1 2 2.6 1.4 39 43 57 55 23 23
33 Ghana 11 17 3.3 2.8 6 9 5 8 3.2 3.0 51 51 62 59 13 13
34 Pakistan 83 126 3.1 2.9 45 67 30 49 3.4 3.3 23 28 60 52 15 19
35 Mauritania 2 2 2.6 2.5 1 1 1 1 2.0 2.7 45 44 72 55 7 10
----- - -- - --------
36 Azerbaijan 6 7 1.5 1.0 .. 5 3 3 1.0 1.8 47 44 35 31 28 29
37 Zimbabwe 7 11 3.3 2.5 4 6 3 5 3.6 2.4 45 45 72 68 12 8
38 Guinea 4 6 2.5 2.8 2 3 2 3 2.1 2.7 47 48 91 87 1 2
39 China 981 1,191 1.5 1.2 587 800 548 715 2.2 1.1 44 46 74 72 14 15
40 Honduras 4 6 3.3 3.0 2 3 1 2 3.4 3.7 25 28 57 41 15 20
----- - -- - --------
41 Senegal 6 8 2.9 2.7 3 4 3 4 2.5 2.6 42 42 81 77 6 8
42 C“te d'Ivoire 8 14 3.8 3.6 4 7 3 5 3.1 2.9 32 33 65 60 8 10
43 Congo 2 3 3.1 3.1 1 1 1 1 2.9 2.7 43 42 58 49 13 15
44 Kyrgyz Republic 4 4 1.9 0.4 .. 3 2 2 1.5 2.0 47 48 34 32 29 27
45 Sri Lanka 15 18 1.4 1.3 9 11 5 7 2.4 2.0 27 35 52 48 18 21
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46 Armenia 3 4 1.4 1.4 .. 2 1 2 1.1 1.4 48 45 21 18 43 43
47 Cameroon 9 13 2.8 3.0 5 7 4 5 2.5 2.9 37 37 73 70 8 9
48 Egypt, Arab Rep. 41 57 2.5 2.0 23 33 15 22 2.5 2.9 28 30 57 40 16 22
49 Lesotho 1 2 2.8 2.3 1 1 1 1 2.5 2.9 38 38 41 40 34 28
50 Georgia 5 5 0.7 -0.2 .. 4 3 3 0.4 0.2 49 47 32 26 27 31
51 Myanmar 34 46 2.1 2.2 19 27 17 23 2.2 2.1 44 43 76 73 8 10
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Middle-income economies 1,240 t 1,570 t 1.8 w 1.5 w 545 t 966 t 517 t 685 t 2.1 w 1.9 w 39 w 41 w 38 w 31 w 27 w 27 w
Lower-middle-income 874 t 1,097 t 1.7 w 1.4 w 340 t 674 t 377 t 486 t 1.8 w 1.8 w 42 w 43 w 41 w 36 w 26 w 27 w
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52 Bolivia 5 7 2.0 2.4 3 4 2 3 2.6 2.6 33 37 53 47 18 18
53 Macedonia, FYR 2 2 0.7 0.9 .. 1 1 1 1.8 1.4 34 41 36 21 33 40
54 Moldova 4 4 0.9 -0.1 .. 3 2 2 0.1 0.5 50 49 43 33 26 30
55 Indonesia 148 190 1.8 1.6 84 117 60 89 3.0 2.5 36 40 58 55 12 14
56 Philippines 48 67 2.4 2.2 26 38 19 27 2.6 2.6 35 36 52 46 15 15
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57 Uzbekistan 16 22 2.5 2.2 .. 12 6 9 2.2 2.9 48 46 38 34 25 25
58 Morocco 19 26 2.3 2.0 10 16 7 10 2.7 2.6 34 35 56 45 20 25
59 Kazakstan 15 17 1.2 0.1 .. 10 7 8 1.1 0.9 48 47 24 22 32 32
60 Guatemala 7 10 2.8 2.9 4 5 2 4 2.9 3.5 22 25 54 52 19 17
61 Papua New Guinea 3 4 2.2 2.2 2 2 2 2 2.1 2.3 42 42 82 79 6 7
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62 Bulgaria 9 8 -0.2 -0.8 6 6 5 4 -0.0 -0.5 45 50 20 13 45 48
63 Romania 22 23 0.4 -0.5 14 15 11 11 -0.2 0.1 46 45 35 24 41 47
64 Ecuador 8 11 2.5 2.2 4 7 3 4 3.5 3.1 20 26 40 33 20 19
65 Dominican Republic 6 8 2.2 1.7 3 5 2 3 3.1 2.7 25 29 32 25 24 29
66 Lithuania 3 4 0.9 -0.0 .. 2 2 2 0.6 -0.1 50 48 28 18 38 41
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67 El Salvador 5 6 1.3 2.1 2 3 2 2 2.1 3.3 27 33 43 36 19 21
68 Jordan 2 4 3.7 6.0 1 2 1 1 4.9 5.2 20 25 18 15 24 23
69 Jamaica 2 2 1.2 0.9 1 2 1 1 1.9 1.6 46 45 31 25 16 23
70 Paraguay 3 5 3.1 2.8 2 3 1 2 3.1 3.0 26 28 45 39 20 22
71 Algeria 19 27 2.9 2.3 9 16 5 8 3.7 4.2 22 23 36 26 27 31
72 Colombia 28 36 1.9 1.9 15 23 9 15 4.0 2.6 25 35 40 27 21 23
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Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the key and technical notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
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73 Tunisia 6 9 2.5 1.9 3 5 2 3 2.6 3.0 29 30 39 28 30 33
74 Ukraine 50 52 0.4 0.0 .. 34 26 26 -0.2 -0.1 50 48 25 20 39 40
75 Namibia 1 2 2.7 2.8 1 1 0 1 2.3 2.6 40 40 56 49 15 15
76 Peru 17 23 2.2 1.9 9 14 5 8 3.2 3.0 24 28 40 36 18 18
77 Belarus 10 10 0.6 0.2 .. 7 5 5 0.4 -0.1 50 48 26 20 38 40
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78 Slovak Republic 5 5 0.6 0.3 .. 4 2 3 0.9 0.9 45 48 14 12 36 32
79 Latvia 3 3 0.5 -1.2 .. 2 1 1 0.2 -0.8 51 51 16 16 42 40
80 Costa Rica 2 3 2.8 2.1 1 2 1 1 3.8 2.8 21 29 35 26 23 27
81 Poland 36 39 0.7 0.3 23 25 19 19 0.1 0.5 45 46 30 27 38 36
82 Thailand 47 58 1.8 1.0 26 39 24 34 2.6 1.5 47 47 71 64 10 14
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83 Turkey 44 61 2.3 2.0 25 37 19 28 2.9 2.3 35 35 60 53 16 18
84 Croatia 5 5 0.4 0.0 .. 3 2 2 0.2 -0.1 38 41 25 16 33 34
85 Panama 2 3 2.1 1.9 1 2 1 1 3.1 2.6 30 33 29 26 19 16
86 Russian Federation 139 148 0.6 0.0 .. 99 76 77 0.2 0.0 49 48 16 14 44 42
87 Venezuela 15 21 2.6 2.3 8 13 5 8 3.4 3.1 27 33 15 12 28 27
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88 Botswana 1 1 3.5 3.1 0 1 0 1 3.4 3.2 50 46 63 46 10 20
89 Estonia 1 1 0.6 -1.2 .. 1 1 1 0.4 -0.4 51 51 15 14 43 41
90 Iran, Islamic Rep. 39 63 3.5 2.9 20 32 12 20 3.8 3.2 20 24 46 39 24 23
91 Turkmenistan 3 4 2.5 4.6 .. 2 1 2 2.3 2.8 47 41 39 37 24 23
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Upper-middle-income 366 t 473 t 1.9 w 1.7 w 206 t 293 t 140 t 199 t 2.7 w 2.2 w 32 w 36 w 31 w 21 w 28 w 27 w
-
92 Brazil 121 159 2.0 1.7 71 99 48 71 3.2 1.9 28 34 37 23 24 23
93 South Africa 29 41 2.4 2.2 17 24 11 16 2.7 2.5 35 37 17 14 35 32
94 Mauritius 1 1 0.9 1.3 1 1 0 0 2.3 1.6 26 31 27 17 28 43
95 Czech Republic 10 10 0.1 -0.1 .. 7 5 6 0.1 0.5 47 47 13 11 56 45
96 Malaysia 14 20 2.6 2.4 8 11 5 8 2.8 2.7 34 36 41 27 19 23
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97 Chile 11 14 1.7 1.5 7 9 4 5 2.7 2.2 26 31 21 19 25 25
98 Trinidad and Tobago 1 1 1.3 1.2 1 1 0 1 1.2 2.1 32 36 11 11 39 31
99 Hungary 11 10 -0.3 -0.3 7 7 5 5 -0.8 -0.1 43 44 18 15 43 38
100 Gabon 1 1 3.5 3.2 0 1 0 1 2.6 1.9 45 44 65 51 12 16
101 Mexico 67 89 2.0 2.0 35 53 22 35 3.5 2.9 27 32 36 28 29 24
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102 Uruguay 3 3 0.6 0.6 2 2 1 1 1.6 1.0 31 40 17 14 28 27
103 Oman 1 2 4.6 4.5 1 1 0 1 4.1 4.0 7 13 50 44 22 24
104 Slovenia 2 2 0.5 -0.1 .. 1 1 1 0.3 0.3 44 45 15 6 43 46
105 Saudi Arabia 9 18 5.2 3.2 5 10 3 6 6.5 2.5 8 12 43 19 16 20
106 Greece 10 10 0.5 0.6 6 7 4 4 1.2 0.7 28 36 31 23 29 27
107 Argentina 28 34 1.5 1.2 17 21 11 13 1.3 2.0 28 30 13 12 34 32
108 Korea, Rep. 38 44 1.2 0.9 24 31 16 21 2.3 1.9 39 40 37 18 27 35
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Low- and middle-income 3,652 t 4,752 t 2.0 w 1.7 w 1,902 t 2,892 t 1,682 t 2,259 t 2.2 w 1.9 w 41 w 42 w 62 w 58 w 17 w 18 w
Sub-Saharan Africa 380 t 572 t 3.0 w 2.7 w 197 t 296 t 171 t 251 t 2.8 w 2.7 w 43 w 44 w 72 w 68 w 9 w 9 w
East Asia & Pacific 1,398 t 1,735 t 1.6 w 1.4 w 822 t 1,134 t 719 t 967 t 2.3 w 1.5 w 43 w 45 w 72 w 69 w 14 w 16 w
South Asia 903 t 1,220 t 2.2 w 1.9 w 511 t 715 t 389 t 525 t 2.1 w 2.3 w 35 w 33 w 70 w 64 w 13 w 16 w
Europe and Central Asia 437 t 487 t 0.9 w 0.4 w 83 t 315 t 219 t 238 t 0.6 w 0.6 w 47 w 46 w 27 w 23 w 37 w 37 w
Middle East & N. Africa 175 t 267 t 3.1 w 2.8 w 87 t 146 t 53 t 85 t 3.2 w 3.6 w 26 w 28 w 49 w 37 w 21 w 24 w
Latin America & Caribbea 359 t 471 t 2.0 w 1.8 w 202 t 286 t 130 t 194 t 3.0 w 2.5 w 28 w 33 w 34 w 26 w 25 w 24 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-income economies 776 t 850 t 0.6 w 0.7 w 497 t 569 t 352 t 408 t 1.1 w 0.9 w 39 w 43 w 7 w 5 w 35 w 31 w
-
109 Portugal 10 10 0.1 0.0 6 7 5 5 0.4 0.4 39 43 26 18 36 34
110 New Zealand 3 3 0.8 0.9 2 2 1 2 2.0 1.5 34 44 11 10 33 25
111 Spain 37 39 0.4 0.2 24 27 14 17 1.3 1.0 28 36 18 12 37 33
112 Ireland 3 4 0.3 0.5 2 2 1 1 0.4 1.5 28 33 19 14 34 29
113 +Israel 4 5 1.8 3.7 2 3 1 2 2.3 3.6 34 38 6 4 32 29
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114 Australia 15 18 1.5 1.1 9 12 7 9 2.3 1.6 36 42 6 6 32 26
115 United Kingdom 56 58 0.2 0.4 36 38 27 29 0.6 0.3 39 43 3 2 38 29
116 Finland 5 5 0.4 0.5 3 3 2 3 0.6 0.2 46 47 12 8 35 31
117 Italy 56 57 0.1 0.2 36 39 23 25 0.8 0.4 33 37 13 9 38 31
118 +Kuwait 1 2 4.4 -6.8 1 1 0 1 5.9 -2.3 13 33 2 1 32 25
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119 Canada 25 29 1.2 1.3 17 20 12 15 1.9 1.1 40 44 7 3 33 25
120 +Hong Kong 5 6 1.2 1.5 3 4 2 3 1.6 0.8 34 36 1 1 50 37
121 Netherlands 14 15 0.6 0.7 9 11 6 7 2.0 0.7 31 39 6 5 31 26
122 +Singapore 2 3 1.7 2.0 2 2 1 1 1.7 1.0 37 37 2 0 42 36
123 Belgium 10 10 0.1 0.4 6 7 4 4 0.2 0.5 34 40 3 3 35 28
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124 France 54 58 0.5 0.5 34 38 24 26 0.3 0.8 40 44 8 5 35 29
125 Sweden 8 9 0.3 0.6 5 6 4 5 1.0 0.3 44 47 .. .. .. ..
126 Austria 8 8 0.2 1.0 5 5 3 4 0.5 0.5 40 40 10 8 41 38
127 Germany 78 82 0.1 0.6 52 56 37 40 0.6 0.2 40 41 7 4 45 38
128 United States 228 261 0.9 1.0 151 171 110 131 1.3 1.1 42 45 3 3 31 28
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129 Norway 4 4 0.4 0.6 3 3 2 2 0.9 0.7 40 45 8 6 29 25
130 Denmark 5 5 0.0 0.3 3 4 3 3 0.7 -0.1 44 46 7 6 31 28
131 Japan 117 125 0.6 0.3 79 87 57 66 1.1 0.6 38 40 11 7 35 34
132 Switzerland 6 7 0.6 1.0 4 5 3 4 1.7 1.0 37 40 6 6 39 35
133 +United Arab Emirates 1 2 4.7 2.9 1 1 1 1 4.4 1.8 5 13 5 8 38 27
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World 4,428 t 5,601 t 1.7 w 1.5 w 2,400 t 3,461 t 2,034 t 2,667 t 2.0 w 1.7 w 41 w 42 w 53 w 49 w 20 w 20 w
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a. Participation rates from ILO are applied to population estimates to derive labor force estimates.
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