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Trade Patterns, FDI, and Industrial Restructuring of Central and Eastern Europe. Paolo Guerrieri. Working Paper 124. July 1998. ©Copyright 1998, by BRIE

APPENDIX and TABLES 

 

APPENDIX 1 : SIE-World Trade Data Base

The foreign trade statistics used in this paper stem from the SIE-World Trade data base, which provides detailed information on export and import of 83 countries with respect to 450 product groups, 98 sectors, 25 broad commodity groups and 5 main product categories. The data base includes trade statistics with respect to the 26 OECD countries, the newly industrializing countries (NICs), the other developing countries and the former CMEA countries, and makes it possible to examine and analyze the entire world trade matrix. The source for the basic trade statistics of the SIE-World Trade is the tapes of OECD and UN.

The SIE data-base is organized in different product group classifications at various levels of disaggregation (450 product groups, 98 sectors, 25 categories, 5 branches) according to the three Standard International Trade Classifications (SITC), Revised, Revision 2, Revision 3, defined by the Statistical Office of the UN (1961, 1975, 1985 as to the periods 1961-75, 1978-87, 1988 on).

The broad product groups classification used in this paper is based on the 450 product groups of the SIE-World Trade. A summary list of the product groups included in each class of products is below provided:

1) Food items and Agricultural raw materials (41 product groups): Food—Live animals—Animal oil and fats—Natural rubber—Vegetable and animal textile fibers—Cork and Wood—Skins.

2) Fuels (4 product groups): Coal—Petroleum oil —Gas.

3) Other raw materials (17 product groups): Iron ore—Ores of base metals—Other crude minerals.

4) Food industry (36 product groups): Meat and meat preparations—Dairy products—Vegetables and fruit preparations—Cereal preparations—Sugar preparations—Other edible products.

5) Science Based (59 product groups): Synthetic organic dyestuffs—Radio-active and associated materials—Polymerization and co-polymerization products—Antibiotics and other pharmaceutical products—Nuclear reactors—Automatic data processing machines & Units—Telecommunications equipment—Semiconductor devices—Electronic microcircuits—Electronic measuring instruments—Electric power machinery and apparatus—Internal combustion piston engines—Aircraft & associated equipment—Medical instruments—Optical instruments¾ Photographic apparatus and equipment.

6) Scale Intensive ( 88 product groups): Organic chemicals—Inorganic chemical products—Other chemical materials and products—Medicinal and pharmaceutical products—Rubber manufactures —Iron and steel—Television, radio, other image-sound recorder and reproducers—Household type electrical equipment—Ships and boats—Railway vehicles & equipment—Road vehicles.

7) Specialized Suppliers (43 product groups) : Agricultural machinery—Machine tools for working metals—Metal working machinery—Other machine tools for specialized particular industries—Construction and mining machinery—Textile and leather machinery—Paper and paperboard machinery—Other machinery for specialized particular industries—Other general industrial machinery & equipment—Electrical equipment and components—Measuring, checking, analyzing instruments—Optical goods—Other miscellaneous products

8) Resource Intensive (18): Paper and paperboard—Petroleum products—Non metallic mineral manufactures—Non-ferrous metal products

9) Traditionals or Supplier dominated (76 product groups): Textile products—Articles of apparel and clothing accessories—Leather manufactures—Footwear—Wood manufactures—Furniture—Paper and printed products—Article of ceramic materials—Glass products—Miscellaneous manufactures of metal (structures, tools, cutlery and other articles)—Jewellery, goldsmiths—Imitation jewellery—Musical instruments—Sporting goods—Toys & games—Other miscellaneous products

10) Residuals : Other product groups n.e.s.

BACK TO MAIN TEXT


Tables

TABLE 1 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Total Trade (1)
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995° 89-95 80-89
CEE 0.73 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.74 0.76 0.86 0.26 -0.13
Hungary 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.02 0.01
Poland 0.33 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.10 -0.09
Czechoslovakia 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.21 0.27 0.32 0.15 -0.05
Czech Rep. 0.22 0.24
Slovak Rep. 0.05 0.08
Other Eastern Europe** 0.31 0.28 0.30 0.21 0.13 0.15 0.18 -0.02 -0.10
FSU 1.48 1.68 1.08 0.98 1.00 1.04 1.11 0.13 -0.49
Russia 0.89 0.94 0.94 0.00
NICs in Asia 3.80 5.30 6.52 7.96 8.17 10.23 10.83 2.87 4.16
Singapore 1.05 1.32 1.16 1.54 1.70 1.98 2.40 0.85 0.50
Korea 0.95 1.48 1.79 2.15 2.08 2.17 2.53 0.38 1.21
Taiwan 1.30 1.73 2.22 2.41 2.46 2.70 2.53 0.21 1.11
Hong Kong 1.07 1.33 1.83 2.53 2.85 3.62 3.52 1.00 1.46
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
(1) The sum of the nine product groups reported below
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base

 

TABLE 2 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*A62
(Percentage share in current values)
Agricultural Products
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.77 0.72 0.73 0.93 1.09 0.85 0.73 -0.19 0.15
Hungary 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.35 0.39 0.29 0.27 -0.08 0.11
Poland 0.34 0.30 0.42 0.48 0.56 0.33 0.30 -0.18 0.14
Czechoslovakia 0.19 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.14 0.22 0.16 0.07 -0.10
Czech Rep. 0.18 0.14
Slovak Rep. 0.04 0.02
Other Eastern Europe** 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.06 -0.10
FSU 1.37 1.10 1.10 1.33 1.27 2.09 2.75 1.42 -0.04
Russia 1.65 1.97 1.97 0.00
NICs in Asia 3.13 3.50 4.11 4.07 3.72 3.92 3.61 -0.46 0.94
Singapore 1.63 1.46 1.22 1.17 1.02 0.93 1.01 -0.16 -0.46
Korea 0.65 0.80 0.98 1.07 0.97 0.81 0.78 -0.29 0.41
Taiwan 0.74 1.05 1.42 1.31 1.53 1.71 1.38 0.20 0.57
Hong Kong 0.47 0.64 0.91 1.12 1.03 1.00 0.93 -0.19 0.65
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base

 

TABLE 3 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Fuels
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.40 0.43 0.37 0.52 0.47 0.48 0.27 -0.24 0.12
Hungary 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00
Poland 0.33 0.36 0.57 0.44 0.39 0.39 0.22 -0.23 0.11
Czechoslovakia 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 -0.01 0.01
Czech Rep. 0.08 0.06
Slovak Rep. 0.00 0.00
Other Eastern Europe** 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01
FSU 3.61 5.03 5.44 5.51 4.49 3.95 3.92 -1.59 1.90
Russia 3.84 3.88 3.88 0.00
NICs in Asia 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.02
Singapore 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.01
Korea 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00
Taiwan 1.18 1.17 1.20 0.92 1.06 0.95 0.92 -0.04 -0.26
Hong Kong 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base
TABLE 4 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Other Raw Materials
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.92 1.45 1.47 1.08 1.13 1.05 0.74 -0.34 0.15
Hungary 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.04 -0.10 0.00
Poland 0.62 1.07 0.95 0.69 0.78 0.66 0.45 -0.24 0.08
Czechoslovakia 0.16 0.20 0.27 0.24 0.27 0.34 0.23 -0.01 0.08
Czech Rep. 0.25 0.16
Slovak Rep. 0.09 0.07
Other Eastern Europe** 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.21 0.24 0.04 0.02
FSU 0.75 0.78 0.66 0.80 1.08 1.43 1.27 0.47 0.05
Russia 1.10 1.02 1.02 0.00
NICs in Asia 1.05 1.58 1.05 1.24 0.87 1.51 1.21 -0.03 0.19
Singapore 0.35 0.67 0.31 0.20 0.18 0.52 0.26 0.06 -0.15
Korea 0.24 0.22 0.27 0.37 0.33 0.37 0.21 -0.16 0.13
Taiwan 0.31 0.47 0.35 0.31 0.38 0.43 0.35 0.11 0.00
Hong Kong 0.41 0.59 0.34 0.52 0.25 0.35 0.54 0.02 0.11
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base

 

TABLE 5 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Food Industries
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 1.18 1.04 0.92 1.33 1.34 0.94 0.76 -0.57 0.14
Hungary 0.49 0.47 0.50 0.59 0.57 0.38 0.29 -0.30 0.10
Poland 0.55 0.40 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.40 0.35 -0.17 -0.04
Czechoslovakia 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.22 0.20 0.16 0.13 -0.09 0.09
Czech Rep. 0.14 0.11
Slovak Rep. 0.02 0.02
Other Eastern Europe** 0.31 0.24 0.23 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.14 -0.05 -0.12
FSU 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.26 0.08 0.00
Russia 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00
NICs in Asia 2.58 2.65 3.24 3.88 4.26 4.54 4.37 0.49 1.31
Singapore 1.00 0.85 0.88 1.14 1.19 1.32 1.24 0.09 0.14
Korea 0.46 0.39 0.47 0.54 0.43 0.48 0.53 -0.01 0.07
Taiwan 1.31 1.25 1.26 1.21 1.27 1.19 1.08 -0.09 -0.10
Hong Kong 0.29 0.59 0.75 1.18 1.56 1.61 1.59 0.41 0.89
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base

 

TABLE 6 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Traditional industries
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 1.16 0.94 0.96 0.81 1.21 1.43 1.62 0.81 -0.36
Hungary 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.05 -0.08
Poland 0.41 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.50 0.58 0.72 0.44 -0.12
Czechoslovakia 0.44 0.41 0.36 0.28 0.38 0.52 0.61 0.33 -0.15
Czech Rep. 0.41 0.46
Slovak Rep. 0.11 0.15
Other Eastern Europe** 0.50 0.49 0.53 0.33 0.27 0.35 0.44 0.10 -0.16
FSU 0.63 0.46 0.48 0.41 0.36 0.34 0.43 0.03 -0.22
Russia 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.00
NICs in Asia 10.84 14.42 16.21 17.08 16.46 17.91 16.24 -0.83 6.24
Singapore 0.78 0.94 0.75 0.94 0.97 0.91 0.94 0.00 0.17
Korea 3.26 4.33 4.60 4.87 4.12 3.54 3.17 -1.71 1.62
Taiwan 3.70 5.39 6.18 5.66 5.37 5.01 4.17 -1.02 1.95
Hong Kong 4.10 4.87 5.89 7.06 7.97 9.00 8.34 1.29 2.96
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base
TABLE 7 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Resource intensive industries
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.93 0.69 0.68 0.83 0.97 0.92 1.12 0.29 -0.10
Hungary 0.16 0.20 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.18 -0.06 0.08
Poland 0.49 0.23 0.26 0.33 0.51 0.45 0.61 0.28 -0.16
Czechoslovakia 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.21 0.28 0.33 0.08 -0.02
Czech Rep. 0.21 0.23
Slovak Rep. 0.07 0.10
Other Eastern Europe** 1.13 1.00 1.06 0.71 0.21 0.23 0.33 -0.39 -0.42
FSU 4.27 5.76 3.95 3.69 4.15 3.79 4.69 1.00 -0.58
Russia 3.39 4.33 4.33 0.00
NICs in Asia 3.62 4.74 4.57 5.28 6.49 7.86 7.68 2.41 1.66
Singapore 3.22 3.94 3.32 3.60 4.48 4.37 3.39 -0.22 0.38
Korea 0.16 0.51 0.70 0.72 0.93 1.18 1.35 0.62 0.56
Taiwan 0.36 0.32 0.39 0.61 0.69 0.95 1.17 0.43 0.25
Hong Kong 0.18 0.19 0.38 0.72 0.89 1.44 1.82 1.10 0.54
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base
TABLE 8 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Scale intensive industries
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.76 0.61 0.63 0.53 0.69 0.80 0.95 0.41 -0.23
Hungary 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.03 -0.04
Poland 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.17 -0.11
Czechoslovakia 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.26 0.33 0.4 0.21 -0.08
Czech Rep. 0.27 0.28
Slovak Rep. 0.06 0.12
Other Eastern Europe** 0.29 0.26 0.27 0.22 0.15 0.17 0.21 -0.01 -0.07
FSU 0.48 0.48 0.43 0.44 0.62 1.07 1.21 0.76 -0.04
Russia 0.82 0.91 0.91 0.00
NICs in Asia 3.43 4.95 4.99 6.39 6.62 8.57 8.65 2.26 2.96
Singapore 0.69 0.82 0.66 1.10 1.22 1.46 1.54 0.44 0.41
Korea 1.33 2.43 2.22 2.61 2.65 3.04 3.24 0.63 1.28
Taiwan 0.89 1.13 1.35 1.54 1.46 1.49 1.40 -0.13 0.66
Hong Kong 0.75 0.82 0.94 1.42 1.76 2.64 2.50 1.08 0.67
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base
TABLE 9 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Specialized suppliers industries
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.64 0.50 0.53 0.43 0.56 0.64 0.86 0.42 -0.21
Hungary 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.19 0.19 0.23 0.10 -0.01
Poland 0.24 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.24 0.09 -0.09
Czechoslovakia 0.27 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.20 0.27 0.39 0.23 -0.11
Czech Rep. 0.24 0.33
Slovak Rep. 0.03 0.06
Other Eastern Europe** 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.03 -0.08
FSU 0.19 0.17 0.26 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.11 -0.02 -0.06
Russia 0.18 0.09 0.09 0.00
NICs in Asia 1.82 3.12 3.42 4.88 4.76 8.50 8.82 3.94 3.06
Singapore 0.70 1.07 0.76 1.24 1.27 1.45 1.84 0.60 0.54
Korea 0.28 0.51 0.53 0.87 0.91 1.43 2.41 1.54 0.59
Taiwan 0.73 1.32 1.61 2.14 2.25 3.23 2.56 0.78 1.41
Hong Kong 0.39 0.59 0.84 1.41 1.43 2.44 2.03 0.62 1.02
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base
TABLE 10 Share of Selected Countries and Areas in World Trade*
(Percentage share in current values)
Science based industries
1980 1983 1986 1989 1991 1993 1995°

89-95

80-89

CEE 0.29 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.25 0.26 0.39 0.22 -0.12
Hungary 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.12 -0.01
Poland 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.03 -0.04
Czechoslovakia 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.10 0.14 0.08 -0.06
Czech Rep. 0.09 0.11
Slovak Rep. 0.01 0.03
Other Eastern Europe** 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 -0.01 -0.03
FSU 0.45 0.22 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.14 0.04 -0.35
Russia 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.00
NICs in Asia 4.83 6.64 7.86 10.83 11.17 14.77 17.82 6.99 6.00
Singapore 1.35 1.92 2.00 3.01 3.30 4.35 5.83 2.82 1.66
Korea 0.82 1.13 1.59 2.28 2.24 2.44 3.34 1.06 1.46
Taiwan 1.15 1.72 2.33 3.07 3.30 4.02 4.27 1.05 1.92
Hong Kong 1.84 2.21 2.33 3.20 3.28 4.07 4.39 1.19 1.37
* Ratio of national exports to world exports (percentage) °Provisional data
** Bulgaria, Romania and Albania
FSU is the former Soviet Union
SOURCE: OECD and UN trade data from SIE - World Trade Data Base
TABLE 11
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION
FSU
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization*
1980 1989 1992 1995** 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 6.7 7.9 9.0 11.3 21.0 17.8 15.1 3.6 -14.3 -9.8 -6.0 7.5
Fuels 44.5 34.5 30.8 16.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.4 34.2 30.7 16.3
Other raw materials 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4
Food industries 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 10.5 7.6 15.4 20.2 -9.8 -6.6 -14.1 -18.4
Traditional ind. 5.7 7.0 5.6 6.5 11.3 9.7 15.4 18.9 -5.6 -2.7 -9.7 -12.0
Resource intensive ind. 28.9 30.0 22.6 27.8 5.3 4.1 2.2 2.5 23.6 25.7 20.3 24.6
Scale intensive ind. 7.0 11.4 19.1 27.2 25.4 28.4 20.4 22.0 -18.4 -16.8 -1.3 5.1
Specialized suppliers ind. 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.1 15.6 19.4 16.9 14.9 -14.5 -17.8 -15.0 -13.5
Science based ind. 3.3 1.8 4.2 2.7 7.5 8.7 10.4 14.1 -4.2 -6.8 -6.2 -11.1
Others 1.1 4.1 4.5 4.4 2.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 -1.5 0.7 1.2 1.1
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
OTHER EASTERN EUROPE
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 5.8 4.0 7.2 5.0 14.6 9.1 7.8 2.4 -8.7 -5.0 -0.6 2.6
Fuels 0.9 0.1 1.4 0.1 2.3 3.8 4.1 3.0 -1.3 -3.6 -2.6 -3.0
Other raw materials 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 4.6 5.0 1.8 1.3 -3.5 -3.8 -0.9 -0.2
Food industries 5.9 5.0 5.8 4.2 6.6 7.4 13.8 8.1 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9 -4.0
Traditional ind. 21.8 27.3 39.1 39.7 8.9 15.5 18.8 29.3 12.8 11.5 20.2 10.4
Resource intensive ind. 36.5 27.6 7.9 11.7 9.7 6.9 4.1 4.2 26.7 20.2 3.8 7.5
Scale intensive ind. 20.1 27.2 26.9 28.1 26.6 21.5 19.5 22.8 -6.5 5.6 7.4 5.3
Specialized suppliers ind. 4.4 3.5 4.9 6.1 15.8 18.3 13.8 15.7 -11.4 -14.5 -8.9 -9.6
Science based ind. 2.2 3.2 4.2 3.4 9.1 10.0 13.6 11.0 -6.8 -6.7 -9.3 -7.5
Others 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.1 -0.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.4
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
CEE
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 7.7 9.0 5.8 3.9 17.4 8.2 3.6 2.9 -9.7 0.8 2.2 0.9
Fuels 10.0 5.3 3.8 1.5 0.0 0.1 1.9 0.9 9.9 5.2 1.8 0.6
Other raw materials 2.4 2.2 1.4 0.7 2.8 1.7 0.8 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3
Food industries 9.6 12.4 8.1 4.9 6.9 7.5 6.0 4.7 2.7 5.0 2.1 0.1
Traditional ind. 21.7 23.0 31.3 31.6 12.1 14.9 20.7 23.1 9.6 8.0 10.5 8.5
Resource intensive ind. 12.8 11.2 9.1 8.6 7.0 5.6 4.9 4.5 5.8 5.6 4.2 4.0
Scale intensive ind. 22.3 22.9 24.8 27.6 25.1 24.8 25.9 28.7 -2.8 -1.9 -1.1 -1.0
Specialized suppliers ind. 7.8 7.3 7.9 10.5 17.8 21.8 18.1 16.5 -9.9 -14.5 -10.1 -5.9
Science based ind. 4.4 5.1 6.1 8.9 8.2 13.1 15.6 16.4 -3.8 -8.0 -9.5 -6.5
Others 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.7 2.3 2.6 1.8 -1.3 -0.8 -0.9 -1.1
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data.
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base
TABLE 12
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION
HUNGARY
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization*
1980 1989 1992 1995** 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992
Agricultural prod. 10.0 11.3 7.2 6.3 6.8 3.3 2.4 1.7 3.2 8.0 4.7
Fuels 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.2 -0.1
Other raw materials 1.6 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.1
Food industries 16.8 18.3 13.3 10.0 4.4 4.1 4.8 3.7 12.4 14.2 8.5
Traditional ind. 24.5 22.3 30.3 27.1 19.7 19.1 24.5 25.6 4.8 3.1 5.9
Resource intensive ind. 9.4 10.9 7.7 6.0 9.4 6.0 4.4 4.3 0.0 4.9 3.3
Scale intensive ind. 23.5 21.5 20.7 23.3 26.9 29.9 28.9 28.9 -3.4 -8.4 -8.3
Specialized suppliers ind. 6.9 7.2 10.0 12.0 18.3 21.1 16.5 15.6 -11.4 -13.9 -6.5
Science based ind. 4.5 6.0 9.1 12.8 11.3 14.0 16.3 18.4 -6.8 -8.0 -7.2
Others 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.7 1.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.4
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0
POLAND
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992
Agricultural prod. 7.4 11.5 6.8 4.0 23.3 10.7 4.3 3.6 -15.7 0.7 2.5
Fuels 18.1 11.2 7.2 3.0 0.0 0.2 4.3 2.0 17.9 11.0 2.9
Other raw materials 3.5 3.4 2.1 1.1 3.5 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.0 1.7 0.9
Food industries 9.8 11.8 8.5 5.6 9.1 10.3 7.5 5.4 0.7 1.4 0.9
Traditional ind. 16.7 20.0 30.4 35.5 9.4 14.7 22.5 24.5 7.3 5.3 7.8
Resource intensive ind. 14.7 10.9 11.4 11.8 4.7 4.4 5.5 4.7 9.9 6.5 5.9
Scale intensive ind. 19.3 20.1 22.7 26.4 26.0 23.8 24.6 28.8 -6.6 -3.6 -1.9
Specialized suppliers ind. 6.3 6.1 5.2 7.3 15.1 19.0 14.2 13.8 -8.7 -12.8 -9.0
Science based ind. 3.0 3.6 4.0 4.7 6.3 12.2 12.7 14.4 -3.2 -8.6 -8.6
Others 1.1 1.4 1.8 0.6 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.3
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1980 1989 1992 1980 1989 1992
Agricultural prod. 6.4 3.2 3.5 15.8 9.7 3.5 -9.4 -6.5 0.1
Fuels 4.8 2.3 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.7 2.3 2.3
Other raw materials 1.4 1.7 1.3 3.3 2.7 0.6 -1.9 -1.0 0.7
Food industries 3.7 7.2 3.8 5.0 6.7 4.8 -1.3 0.5 -1.0
Traditional ind. 27.0 28.0 33.3 10.2 10.5 15.6 16.8 17.5 17.6
Resource intensive ind. 12.4 11.9 7.3 9.2 7.2 4.3 3.2 4.7 2.9
Scale intensive ind. 25.9 28.3 30.7 21.4 20.4 25.4 4.5 7.9 5.2
Specialized suppliers ind. 10.9 9.2 9.7 22.9 27.2 24.3 -12.0 -17.9 -14.5
Science based ind. 6.2 6.5 6.4 9.1 13.7 18.9 -2.9 -7.2 -12.5
Others 1.3 1.7 1.7 3.0 1.9 2.5 -1.7 -0.2 -0.8
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data.
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base

 

TABLE 13
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION
CZECH REPUBLIC
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization*
1993 1994 1995** 1993 1994 1995 1993 1994 1995
Agricultural prod. 3.8 3.6 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.8 0.3 0.7 -0.2
Fuels 2.3 3.1 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 2.2 2.7 1.0
Other raw materials 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4
Food industries 3.6 2.9 2.4 4.5 4.7 4.6 -0.9 -1.8 -2.1
Traditional ind. 32.5 31.7 32.3 19.1 19.9 19.9 13.3 11.8 12.2
Resource intensive ind. 6.0 6.2 6.2 5.0 5.4 4.7 1.0 0.8 1.5
Scale intensive ind. 30.9 28.6 29.0 24.7 26.5 27.9 6.1 2.1 1.1
Specialized suppliers ind. 11.0 11.6 14.6 24.0 20.8 20.6 -12.9 -9.1 -6.0
Science based ind. 7.7 8.8 10.1 17.4 16.9 17.5 -9.6 -8.0 -7.3
Others 1.3 2.8 1.0 1.5 2.4 1.6 -0.2 0.4 -0.6
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0
SLOVAKIA
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1993 1994 1995 1993 1994 1995 1993 1994 1995
Agricultural prod. 3.9 4.0 1.4 4.8 5.2 2.9 -0.9 -1.1 -1.5
Fuels 0.1 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 2.7 0.0
Other raw materials 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.0
Food industries 2.0 1.3 1.1 4.5 4.4 4.0 -2.6 -3.1 -2.9
Traditional ind. 39.7 32.8 32.1 5.0 4.9 4.1 19.3 13.1 12.6
Resource intensive ind. 9.7 9.6 8.5 20.4 19.6 19.5 4.7 4.8 4.4
Scale intensive ind. 30.5 33.4 40.0 20.8 24.5 30.3 9.6 8.9 9.7
Specialized suppliers ind. 6.5 6.3 8.6 26.1 18.7 18.8 -19.6 -12.4 -10.2
Science based ind. 5.0 6.5 7.4 16.1 18.8 18.3 -11.1 -12.3 -10.9
Others 1.3 2.4 0.2 1.8 3.1 1.4 -0.6 -0.7 -1.2
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data.
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base

 

TABLE 14
INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN THE EU AND THE CEE COUNTRIES*
1988 1991 1993 1994
Czechoslovakia 0,38** 0.46
Czech Republic 0.57 0.59
Slovakia 0.40 0.43
Hungary 0.39 0.49 0.50 0.50
Poland 0.33 0.34 0.38 0.39
*Manufacturing trade only
**Grubel - Lloyd indices
Source: ECE (1995)
TABLE 15
Weighted average unit-value rations in CEE trade with the EU

Total Trade

1988 1991 1993 1994
Czechoslovakia 1.74 0.77
Czech Republic 0.91 0.64
Slovakia 0.71 0.76
Hungary 0.71 0.96 1.01 1.13
Poland 0.88 0.78 0.76 0.74
Source: ECE (1995)
TABLE 16
FDI in the CEE Countries
Flows of net FDI (mn USD) Cumulative inflows FDI
FDI (mn USD) flow/GDP%

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1995 1995
Czech Republic

120

511

947

517*

842*

2,500

5,881 6.9
Hungary

311

1,459

1,471

2,328

1,097

4,410

11,394 10.7
Poland

10

117

284

580

542

1,134

2,751 1.2
Slovakia

18

82

100

134*

170*

180*

704 1.4
* Excluding flows between the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Source: Inotai (1996), data from ECE various issues
TABLE 17
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION
EAST ASIAN NICs
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization*
1980 1989 1992 1995** 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 6.0 3.0 2.1 1.5 10.5 6.4 4.6 3.7 -4.5 -3.4 -2.4 -2.2
Fuels 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 5.6 6.0 4.4 -14.8 -5.6 -5.9 -4.3
Other raw materials 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5
Food industries 4.0 2.7 2.9 2.2 5.1 3.8 3.7 3.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.8 -1.0
Traditional ind. 38.7 36.3 32.8 25.1 13.9 17.9 18.8 16.9 24.7 18.4 14.0 8.2
Resource intensive ind. 9.5 5.3 5.0 4.7 7.4 7.4 7.0 7.1 2.1 -2.1 -1.9 -2.5
Scale intensive ind. 19.2 20.4 20.7 20.0 19.0 20.6 19.9 19.5 0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.5
Specialized suppliers ind. 4.2 6.1 6.5 8.6 10.0 11.8 11.4 10.9 -5.7 -5.6 -4.8 -2.3
Science based ind. 13.8 24.0 27.6 35.4 16.5 23.8 25.1 31.0 -2.8 0.1 2.4 4.5
Others 4.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 0.3 -0.7 -0.4
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
HONG KONG
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 3.2 2.6 1.6 1.2 9.5 5.0 3.4 2.7 -6.3 -2.4 -1.8 -1.5
Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2
Other raw materials 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Food industries 1.6 2.6 2.9 2.5 6.9 5.0 4.3 3.7 -5.3 -2.4 -1.5 -1.2
Traditional ind. 52.1 47.3 45.2 39.7 29.9 35.7 33.5 30.4 22.1 11.5 11.7 9.2
Resource intensive ind. 1.7 2.3 2.6 3.4 8.8 5.2 4.7 4.9 -7.1 -2.9 -2.0 -1.5
Scale intensive ind. 15.0 14.3 16.4 17.8 17.3 17.0 19.1 19.8 -2.3 -2.8 -2.7 -2.0
Specialized suppliers ind. 3.2 5.6 6.4 6.1 6.7 7.2 7.5 6.9 -3.4 -1.6 -1.1 -0.8
Science based ind. 18.6 22.3 21.8 26.9 18.7 22.1 22.1 28.0 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -1.1
Others 3.9 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.0 2.0 4.9 3.3 1.9 0.9 -1.8 -1.0
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data.
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base
TABLE 18
PATTERNS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION AND COMPOSITION
SINGAPORE
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization*
1980 1989 1992 1995** 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 11.3 4.4 2.8 1.9 7.8 4.2 3.0 2.1 3.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.2
Fuels 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 23.7 9.4 8.8 5.2 -23.0 -9.2 -8.6 -5.1
Other raw materials 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1
Food industries 5.7 4.1 4.1 2.8 5.6 4.2 4.1 3.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2
Traditional ind. 10.0 10.3 9.2 6.6 10.5 11.1 10.8 9.1 -0.5 -0.8 -1.5 -2.5
Resource intensive ind. 30.7 18.6 15.0 9.3 7.6 9.4 8.9 7.0 22.8 9.2 6.1 2.3
Scale intensive ind. 14.0 18.1 18.8 16.1 16.5 19.2 19.3 18.0 -2.5 -1.1 -0.5 -1.9
Specialized suppliers ind. 5.9 8.0 7.6 8.1 10.3 11.0 11.4 11.3 -4.3 -3.0 -3.8 -3.3
Science based ind. 14.0 34.4 40.6 52.5 16.0 29.2 32.0 42.6 -2.0 5.2 8.5 9.9
Others 7.5 1.7 1.6 2.6 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.4 5.8 -0.3 0.2 1.1
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
TAIWAN
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 3.7 2.4 2.6 1.7 10.3 6.3 5.1 4.9 -6.5 -3.8 -2.5 -3.1
Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.4 1.1 2.1 -0.4 -1.4 -1.1 -2.0
Other raw materials 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4
Food industries 6.6 3.3 3.9 2.4 1.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 4.6 0.3 0.9 -0.8
Traditional ind. 49.6 40.9 35.8 26.7 6.4 7.1 8.1 9.7 42.6 32.7 27.5 16.7
Resource intensive ind. 0.7 1.1 0.8 3.1 7.1 8.1 7.5 8.2 -6.3 -6.8 -6.6 -4.9
Scale intensive ind. 18.9 18.5 15.0 14.5 29.9 30.1 28.6 22.6 -11.0 -11.3 -13.6 -8.0
Specialized suppliers ind. 5.4 7.8 7.7 11.3 18.1 16.2 16.4 12.6 -12.6 -8.1 -8.7 -1.3
Science based ind. 12.0 23.6 32.0 38.5 22.4 24.3 27.1 33.1 -10.3 -0.6 4.9 5.3
Others 3.1 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.8 2.5 3.3 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 -1.5
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
KOREA
Export Composition Import Composition Trade Specialization
1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995 1980 1989 1992 1995
Agricultural prod. 5.0 2.9 2.1 1.4 14.4 9.8 7.5 5.9 -9.3 -6.9 -5.3 -4.5
Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.4 11.0 15.0 11.1 -27.0 -11.0 -15.0 -11.1
Other raw materials 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.6 -2.2 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5
Food industries 2.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 4.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 -1.5 -1.1 -1.6 -1.6
Traditional ind. 46.7 38.3 30.9 20.9 5.4 8.6 9.2 9.3 40.7 29.6 21.7 11.6
Resource intensive ind. 1.7 2.7 3.6 3.5 6.1 8.0 8.5 9.8 -4.3 -5.3 -4.9 -6.3
Scale intensive ind. 30.0 30.8 33.3 32.0 17.9 20.3 16.7 18.5 12.0 10.5 16.6 13.4
Specialized suppliers ind. 2.6 4.0 5.1 10.0 8.9 15.1 14.5 15.1 -6.2 -11.1 -9.4 -5.1
Science based ind. 9.4 18.7 22.5 28.4 12.2 21.3 22.5 23.3 -2.7 -2.6 0.0 5.1
Others 1.2 1.1 1.2 2.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 2.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0
Total Trade 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0
* Indicator of comparative advantage (>0) or disadvantage (<0). For the formula see text. ** Provisional data.
Source: SIE-World Trade Data Base